Pytorch数据并行处理

在这个教程中，我们将学习如何用DataParallel来使用多 GPU

通过 PyTorch 使用多个 GPU 非常简单。你可以将模型放在一个 GPU：

device = torch.device("cuda: 0")
model.to(device)

然后可以复制所有的张量到GPU上:

mytensor = my_tensor.to(device)

请注意，调用my_tensor.to(device)返回一个GPU上的my_tensor副本，而不是重写my_tensor

你需要把它赋值给一个新的张量并在GPU上使用这个张量

在多GPU上执行正向和反向传播是自然而然的事。然而，PyTorch 默认将只是用一个GPU

你可以使用DataParallel让模型并行运行来轻易的在多个GPU上运行你的操作

mytensor = net.to(device)

这是这篇教程背后的核心，我们接下来将更详细的介绍它

导入和参数

---

导入 PyTorch 模块和定义参数

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader

# Parameters 和 DataLoaders
input_size = 5
output_size = 2

batch_size = 30
data_size = 100

设备( Device ）:

device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(device)

如果GPU可用，则会输出

cuda:0

虚拟数据集

---

要制作一个虚拟(随机）数据集，你只需实现__getitem__

class RandomDataset(Dataset):
    def __init__(self, size, length):
        self.len = length
        self.data = torch.randn(length, size)
    def __getitem__(self, index):
        return self.data[index]
    def __len__(self):
        return self.len

rand_loader = DataLoader(dataset=RandomDataset(input_size, data_size),batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)

简单模型

---

作为演示，我们的模型只接受一个输入，执行一个线性操作，然后得到结果。然而，你能在任何模型(CNN，RNN，Capsule Net等）上使用DataParallel

我们在模型内部放置了一条打印语句来检测输入和输出向量的大小。请注意批等级为0时打印的内容

class Model(nn.Module):
    # Our model
    def __init__(self, input_size, output_size):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.fc = nn.Linear(input_size, output_size)
    def forward(self, input):
        output = self.fc(input)
        print("\tIn Model: input size", input.size(),
              "output size", output.size())

        return output

创建一个模型与数据并行

---

这是本教程的核心部分

首先，我们需要创建一个模型实例和检测我们是否有多个GPU

如果我们有多个GPU，我们使用nn.DataParallel来包装我们的模型

然后通过model.to(device)把模型放到GPU上

model = Model(input_size, output_size)
if torch.cuda.device_count() > 1: 
  print("Let's use", torch.cuda.device_count(), "GPUs!")
  # dim = 0 [30, xxx] -> [10, ...], [10, ...], [10, ...] on 3 GPUs
  model = nn.DataParallel(model)

model.to(device)
print(torch.cuda.device_count())

输出为（因为我的笔记本电脑只有一块3060，所以GPU的总数是1）

1

运行模型

---

现在我们可以看输入和输出张量的大小

for data in rand_loader: 
    input = data.to(device)
    output = model(input)
    print("Outside: input size", input.size(),
          "output_size", output.size())

输出为

In Model: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output size torch.Size([30, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
	In Model: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output size torch.Size([30, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
	In Model: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output size torch.Size([30, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
	In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])

结果

---

如果没有GPU或只有1个GPU，当我们对30个输入和输出进行批处理时，我们和期望的一样得到30个输入和30个输出，但是若有多个GPU，会得到如下的结果

2个GPU

若有2个GPU，将看到

Let's use 2 GPUs!
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([5, 5]) output size torch.Size([5, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([5, 5]) output size torch.Size([5, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])

3个GPU

若有3个GPU，将看到

Let's use 3 GPUs!
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])

8个GPU

若有8个GPU，将看到

Let's use 8 GPUs!
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])

总结

---

DataParallel自动的划分数据，并将作业顺序发送到多个GPU上的多个模型

DataParallel会在每个模型完成作业后，收集与合并结果然后返回给你

官方的例程请参考：MULTI-GPU EXAMPLES